{"id":406,"date":"2020-08-05T00:04:40","date_gmt":"2020-08-05T00:04:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/publichealth.sdsu.edu\/covid-19\/?page_id=406"},"modified":"2020-08-05T00:04:40","modified_gmt":"2020-08-05T00:04:40","slug":"immunity","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vryheid.sdsu.edu\/index.php\/risky-situations\/immunity\/","title":{"rendered":"Immunity"},"content":{"rendered":"

After people have COVID-19, they probably become immune. \u00a0 Many convalescent patients developed SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, IgM, and IgG, which decreased months later (Klar<\/a>; Lei et al.<\/a>; Long et al.<\/a>; Seow et al.<\/a>; Wajnberg et al.<\/a>). \u00a0Memory T cells, CD4+ helper T cells, CD8+ killer T cells, and memory B cells, which are kinds of white cell lymphocytes, develop and provide longer-lasting immunity (Calhoun et al.<\/a>; Grifoni et al.<\/a>; Mandavilli<\/a> \u201cCan you get COVID-19 again?\u201d; Ni et al.<\/a>; Resnick, Irfan; Robbiani et al.<\/a>; Sekine et al<\/a>.; Thieme et al.<\/a>). \u00a0Consequently, patients with no detectable antibodies might still be immune (Gorvett<\/a>; Resnick, Irfan<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Some had COVID-19 symptoms for months, most testing positive for viral RNA, and some not (Garner<\/a>; Mandavilli<\/a>; Yong \u201cCOVID-19 can last..\u201d<\/a>). Some apparently recovered, had no symptoms or viral RNA, and then showed\u00a0 symptoms and RNA again later.\u00a0 These probably were continuing the same disease case, and were not re-infected.\u00a0 Follow-up found none transmitting to contacts (Korea Centers for Disease Control<\/a>; Mandavilli \u201cCan you get COVID-19 again?\u201d<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Doing controlled tests on humans to discover how many developed immunity would be difficult and not-very-ethical, so scientists have been experimenting on animals who get COVID-19 similarly to humans, including hamsters (Chan, Zhang et al<\/a>; Imai et al.<\/a>; Sia et al.<\/a>) and rhesus macaques (Chandrashekar et al<\/a>; Deng, Bao et al.<\/a>; Yu, Qi et al.<\/a>)\u00a0 They found that some hamsters (Imai et al.<\/a>) and rhesus macaques (Chandrashekar et al<\/a>; Deng, Bao et al.<\/a>) infected with COVID-19 developed antibodies and were protected against getting infected again.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

After people have COVID-19, they probably become immune. \u00a0 Many convalescent patients developed SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, IgM, and IgG, which decreased months later (Klar; Lei et al.; Long et al.; Seow et al.; Wajnberg et al.). \u00a0Memory T cells, CD4+ helper T cells, CD8+ killer T cells, and memory B cells, which are kinds of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":35,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-406","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","post"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vryheid.sdsu.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/406","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vryheid.sdsu.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vryheid.sdsu.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vryheid.sdsu.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vryheid.sdsu.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=406"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vryheid.sdsu.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/406\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vryheid.sdsu.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vryheid.sdsu.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=406"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}